CREATE : Adding an RTCC MODULE
​

This page shows how to add an RTCC module using a real-time clock calendar with the Texas Instruments BQ32000 (datasheet).​ The RTCC tracks seconds, minutes, hours, days of the week, days of the month, months and years.  These are stored in the RTCC as binary coded decimal (BCD) values in hexadecimal format. Therefore, when writing to, or reading from, the RTCC, be sure to use hex format. This can be done be either placing Forth in hex mode first using the hex word, or by prefixing the numeric value with a $ to signify that it is hex value.

The RTCC supports battery backup of time and date. The schematic for the module is:

BQ3200 Schematic

The RTCC has an I2C address of $68​. To make it easier to use, define a constant with this address:

​$68 constant rtcc

The following words allow you to set the time:

​: secs!    ( seconds -- , set the seconds )
   start 
   rtcc write drop
   #0 send  drop 
   send drop 
   stop
; 

: mins!    ( minutes -- , set the minutes )
   start 
   rtcc write drop
   #1 send  drop  
   send drop 
   stop
; 

: hours!   ( hours -- , set the hours )
   start 
   rtcc write drop
   #2 send  drop  
   send drop 
   stop
; 

To set the date:

​: day!    ( day -- , set day of week, 1-7 are valid values )
   start 
   rtcc write drop
   #3 send  drop  
   send drop 
   stop
; 

: date!    ( date -- , set date)
   start 
   rtcc write drop
   #4 send  drop  
   send drop 
   stop
;

: month!   ( month -- , set month )
   start
   rtcc write drop
   #5 send  drop  
   send drop 
   stop 
;

: year!    ( year -- , set year )
   start
   rtcc write drop
   #6 send  drop   
   send drop 
   stop  
;

The year is stored in the RTCC as an 8-bit value, offset from the year 2000. Therefore only the last two digits of the year are significant. The upper 8 bits are ignored.

​Once these words are defined, the time and date can be set thus:

$7 month!  ( July )
$23 date!  
$19 year!  ( 2019 )
$11 hours! $53 mins! $0 secs!

The following words allow the time and date to be read from the RTCC:

: secs@
   start 
   rtcc write drop
   #0 send  drop
   repstart 
   rtcc read drop
   receive 
   nack 
   stop  
;   

: mins@
   start  
   rtcc write drop
   #1 send  drop
   repstart 
   rtcc read drop
   receive 
   nack 
   stop  
;   

: hours@
   start 
   rtcc write drop
   #2 send  drop
   repstart 
   rtcc read drop
   receive 
   nack 
   stop  
;   

: day@
   start          
   rtcc write drop
   #3 send  drop
   repstart 
   rtcc read drop
   receive 
   nack 
   stop  
;   


: date@
   start          
   rtcc write drop
   #4 send  drop
   repstart 
   rtcc read drop
   receive 
   nack 
   stop  
;   

: month@
   start         
   rtcc write drop
   #5 send  drop
   repstart 
   rtcc read drop
   receive 
   nack 
   stop  
;

: year@   
   start          
   rtcc write drop
   #6 send  drop
   repstart 
   rtcc read drop
   receive 
   nack 
   stop  
; 

To read back and display the current date and time, we can define the following word:

​: today 
   base @   \ save the current base
   hex      \ change to hex
   date@ 2 u.r 
   month@ 2 u.r 
   year@ 2 u.r
   ." :: " 
   hours@ 2 u.r 
   mins@ 2 u.r 
   secs@ 2 u.r
   base !   \ restore previous base
;

(Remember that time and date are stored in hex BCD format, so we need to be in hex mode for the numbers to make sense.)

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Calibrating the RTCC
​

No oscillator is perfect, and the 31.25 kHz oscillator driving the RTCC is no exception. The RTCC has a calibration value that can be applied to adjust the time as required. Refer to section 7.6.2.8​ of the BQ32000 datasheet for more information. It's very important to understand the bit settings of the calibration register before modifying it. 

The following word definitions allow you to read from, and write to, the calibration register:

: cal@    ( -- calregister , return calibration register )
   start           
   rtcc write drop
   #7 send  drop
   repstart 
   rtcc read drop
   receive 
   nack 
   stop  
;   

: cal!   ( n -- , set the calibration register )
   start
   rtcc write drop
   #7 send  drop   
   send drop 
   stop  
;

The calibration register has a control bit that, when set, will output a 512 Hz test signal on the INT (interrupt) line. BE SURE TO DISABLE MODULE INTERRUPTS BEFORE USING THIS FEATURE. Connect an oscilloscope probe to the INT line to observe this test signal.

The following word definition will activate this test signal:

​\ Enables the frequency test signal on INT (RB7)
\ ** disable module interrupts before using!
\ Connect an oscilloscope probe to RB7 to observe 512 Hz signal
: freqtest
    cal@ 
    %1000000 or
    cal!
;

To use the freqtest word:

cal@     \ save current calibration settings to stack
dmi      \ disable module interrupts
freqtest \ turn on test signal
         \ perform measurements
cal!     \ restore calibration settings to RTCC, turns off freqtest

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